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The Tambov Rebellion (Soviet misnomer ''Antonovshchina'') which occurred between 1920 and 1921, was one of the largest and best-organized peasant rebellions challenging the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War.〔Robert Conquest, (Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine'' ) Oxford University Press New York (1986) ISBN 0-19-504054-6.〕〔Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, ''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', Harvard University Press, 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7.〕 The uprising took place in the territories of the modern Tambov Oblast and part of the Voronezh Oblast, less than 300 miles southeast of Moscow. In Soviet historiography, the rebellion was referred to as Antonov's mutiny, or the Antonovschina, named so after Alexander Antonov, a former official of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, a Chief of Staff of the rebels. The movement was later portrayed by the Soviets as a sort of anarchical banditry like other anti-Soviet movements who opposed them during this period. == Background == The rebellion was caused by the forced confiscation of grain by the Bolshevik authorities, a policy known in Russian as "''prodrazvyorstka''". In 1920, the requisitions were increased from 18 million to 27 million poods in the region. This caused the peasants to reduce their grain production since they knew that anything they did not consume themselves would be immediately confiscated. Filling the state quotas meant death for many by starvation.〔 The revolt began on 19 August 1920 in a small town of Khitrovo, where a military requisitioning detachment of the Red Army appropriated everything they could and "beat up elderly men of seventy in full view of the public".〔 A distinctive feature of this rebellion, among the many of these times, was that it was led by a political organization, the Union of Working Peasants (''Soyuz Trudovogo Krestyanstva''). A Congress of Tambov rebels abolished Soviet power and created the Constituent Assembly that called for universal suffrage and land reform. A major tenet proposed by them was returning all land to the peasants.〔 On 2 February 1921, the Soviet leadership announced the end of the "''prodrazvyorstka''", and issued a special decree directed at peasants from the region implementing the "''prodnalog''" policy. The new policy was essentially a tax on grain and other foodstuffs. This was done prior to the 10th Congress of the Bolsheviks, when the measure was officially adopted. The announcement began circulating in the Tambov area on 9 February 1921. The Tambov uprising and unrest elsewhere were significant reasons that the "''prodnalog''" policy was implemented and the "''prodrazvyorstka''" was abandoned. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tambov Rebellion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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